1	DOS Disk Management Utilities : DEFRAG Moves all data to the beginning of the hard drive so the Drive does not have to move as much or as far to access data You can specify for Defrag to place files and folders together so that they will run even faster You can specify for Defrag to place files and folders by size to speed up access time
2	Logical Memory Basics When computers were first introduced they needed only 640KB of memory IBM thought that no one would ever need more memory than this to run a P.C. These computers were only given the ability to access a maximum of 1MB of memory. Most computers today use 128MB or more of memory.
3	Logical Memory Basics When computers were first introduced they needed only 640KB of memory IBM thought that no one would ever need more memory than this to run a P.C. These computers were only given the ability to access a maximum of 1MB of memory. Most computers today use 128MB or more of memory.
4	Logical Memory Basics Conventional Memory First 640KB of Memory On the first computers, it contained DOS and all programs you were running.
5	Logical Memory Basics Upper Memory (High Memory Area) The next 348KB of memory on the computer. As the O.S. and other programs began to grow to big for memory, DOS and required programs/files were moved here to make conventional memory more accessible to programs.
6	Logical Memory Basics Expanded Memory Additional memory that allowed for up to 16MB total memory Controlled by a program called EMM386. EMM386 would grab data from expanded memory and place it in conventional memory as it was needed. Stored in 16 bit chunks
7	Logical Memory Basics Extended Memory Today, all memory beyond 1 MB Controlled by a program called HIMEM.SYS. HIMEM.SYS would grab data from extended memory and place it in conventional memory as it was needed. Stored in 16 bit or 32 bit chunks
8	Logical Memory Basics Upper Memory Blocks(UMB) Space that was unused in the upper memory area Used by extended memory to run Terminate and Stay Resident (TSR) programs like virus protection software. These programs are always running in the background of a computer and would normally take up conventional memory, which is used by programs.
9	Logical Memory Basics Virtual Memory Space on the hard drive that is set aside to be used as memory This space is called a swap file or paging file. This is a very slow use of memory because of the very slow access time of the hard drive.